Hibiscus, sometimes called the queen of shrubs, was originally a native of Asia. From there, it was carried to the Polynesian Islands, the West Indies and finally to Florida. The Americans were apparently enamored by the splendor of its fascinating flowers that bloom in numerous colors,types and sizes that reach up to 12'' diameter. Today, thousands of labeled varieties of this shrub are cultivated, both in gardens and as potted indoor plants, in many parts of the United States. 

The hibiscus flowers are among the most beautiful in the world. More than decorative pieces, Egyptians invented the hibiscus tea and knew the medicinal properties and culinary potential of the flowers as well as the leaves. The applications, both external and internal, are many. Increasingly, more Americans are beginning to realize the health value of hibiscus.

Hawaiians call hibiscus flowers ''Pua Aloalo'' - a magnificent gift of nature.

Hibiscus, the fascinating flowering tropical plant, had its origin in Asia. It has spread to several parts of the world and is among the most popular garden plants. Hibiscus are also grown for landscaping and as hedges. Today, there are thousands of known varieties of the shrub. Many are hybrids. New types are still being discovered,bred and recorded. Sizes differ from less than 12 inches tall (hibiscus trionum) to about 40 feet (Lagunaria patersonii). The life span of tropical hibiscus can be up to 50 years. In comparison, the hybrids have a shorter existence, approximately 10 to 15 years.

In the tropics, hibiscus can be found thriving in the most difficult and desolate terrain. Some plants are dense and bushy and while others are thin and tall. The biggest attraction of the hibiscus plant is the flower. Hibiscus come in many colors and sizes. In areas where the temperature is above 70 degrees, t flowers throughout the year.

The leaves are normally elongated or oval shaped and about two to four inches in length. Usually the color of leaves is dull green, glossy dark green or with a reddish tint.

The size of hibiscus plants range from dwarf hybrids to 3m heights and above. They are tolerant of different conditions and can withstand frost and freezing to some extent. They thrive best in moist, slightly acidic soil where bright sunlight is available for at least six hours a day. The tropical species have a life span of about 50 years and hybrids about 10 to 15 years. Outdoors, hibiscus can be planted as hedges or used for landscaping. The foliage may be dark green, dull green or with a reddish tint.

When growing hibiscus, choose a sunny spot, because it needs sunlight. The plant is tolerant to many conditions, but it is ideal to have sandy soil with some organic content and slight acidity. Planting materials can be obtained from a nursery. The propagation is through cuttings, hybrid-grafting and, in the case of certain species, through germinated seeds. Germinated seeds might not have all the characteristics of the mother plant.

The plant has to be watered until it establishes. Moisture retention is important. Mulching helps this. Water the potted plants from the top and not at the base. Proper fertilizing is important, but remember that excessive nitrogen will promote vegetative growth and may not help the flowering. Pesticides, insecticides and fungicides may have to be used depending on the need. It is best to opt for organic products including fertilizers. Make sure that you follow the label instructions.

Hibiscus care depends on the type of plant. Some do not require much attention once they stabilize. The care should start with good planting materials. Use only quality cuttings or saplings obtained from reliable sources. For best results, the area selected for planting should have sunlight at least six hours a day. Sandy soil that contains some organic matter and is slightly acidic is ideal. The drainage should be good so that water will not pool at the base of the plant. This can be tested by filling water in the pit taken for planting and ascertaining how long it takes to drain out. 

The distance between plants depends on the size of the shrub. The larger plants should be further apart than the smaller ones. A rule of thumb is that the leaves of one should not touch the leaves of the other. There should be good moisture retention around the plants. Mulching is advised. Regular watering until the plants are established, and during summer months may be required.

Fertilizing is important. Water soluble and slow release fertilizers may have advantages over conventional fertilizers. Yellowing of leaves may indicate that the plant is under stress either because of disease or a variety of other reasons. Watch out for pests and insects that damage the plants. Other dangers are fungus, bacteria and virus. There are suitable remedies for all these. Try to use organic products to combat these problems. The healthier the plant, the better its resistance.

Regular pruning is necessary to have a bushy plant and to control its shape. Fresh growth comes below every cut. About half an inch of wood should be left between the cut and the leaf node on each branch.

Potted plants have better flexibility than fixed ones in winter care. They can be taken inside when freezing starts. Make sure to leave them by a window so that some sunlight is available.

Propagation of hibiscus can be through cuttings or grafting or by germinating the seeds. Saplings and seeds are available from nurseries and florists. Seed germinated plants are unlikely to have the same characteristics as the parent plant because the pollination may not be from the same source. In fact, it is possible that a packet you buy may contain seeds from different parents. This could sometimes spring a pleasant surprise by growing into plants that vary from each other.

The many medicinal, cosmetic and gastronomic properties of the hibiscus have been known since ancient times. Modern research has confirmed many of these and is also revealing new qualities. All parts of the plant are considered edible.